Innovative machine learning strategies for early detection and prevention of pregnancy loss: the Vitamin D connection and gestational health

Sufian, Md Abu ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3503-6942, Hamzi, Wahiba, Hamzi, Boumediene, Sagar, ASM Sharifuzzaman ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-0233, Rahman, Mustafizur, Varadarajan, Jayasree ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2778-1265, Hanumanthu, Mahesh ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2209-6448 and Azad, Md Abul Kalam (2024) Innovative machine learning strategies for early detection and prevention of pregnancy loss: the Vitamin D connection and gestational health. Diagnostics, 14 (9). 920. ISSN 2075-4418

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Abstract

Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is a prevalent health concern with significant implications globally for gestational health. This research leverages machine learning to enhance the prediction of EPL and to differentiate between typical pregnancies and those at elevated risk during the initial trimester. We employed different machine learning methodologies, from conventional models to more advanced ones such as deep learning and multilayer perceptron models. Results from both classical and advanced machine learning models were evaluated using confusion matrices, cross-validation techniques, and analysis of feature significance to obtain correct decisions among algorithmic strategies on early pregnancy loss and the vitamin D serum connection in gestational health. The results demonstrated that machine learning is a powerful tool for accurately predicting EPL, with advanced models such as deep learning and multilayer perceptron outperforming classical ones. Linear discriminant analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis algorithms were shown to have 98 % accuracy in predicting pregnancy loss outcomes. Key determinants of EPL were identified, including levels of maternal serum vitamin D. In addition, prior pregnancy outcomes and maternal age are crucial factors in gestational health. This study’s findings highlight the potential of machine learning in enhancing predictions related to EPL that can contribute to improved gestational health outcomes for mothers and infants.