The effects of age and sex on active and passive hip range of motion in individuals with Alkaptonuria

Taylor, Sophie, Dobbin, Nicholas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-1683, Imrich, Richard, Arnoux, Jean-Baptiste and Lakshminarayan, Ranganath (2025) The effects of age and sex on active and passive hip range of motion in individuals with Alkaptonuria. Disability and Rehabilitation. ISSN 0963-8288

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Abstract

Purpose: 1). To report active and passive hip range of motion (ROM) data for individuals with AKU, with consideration for age, sex, and non-AKU comparative data. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 123 patients who had baseline ROM assessed in a previous international, multi-centre clinical trial were included. Data was compared between ages, sexes, and existing data from individuals without AKU. Data was analysed using a one-way ANOVA, and a paired and one-sample t-test. Results: Differences were observed across the age groups for active and passive flexion (F = 3.815, P = 0.006, ηp² = 0.115) and active hip abduction (F = 1.941, P = 0.108, ηp² = 0.062). Differences between sexes ranged from trivial to large (0.03 to 1.90), with some variability noted across the age groups. Individuals with AKU were within the lower range of scores observed for healthy adults in flexion (t = -8.545 to -3.166, P = 0.010 to <0.001) and abduction (t = -20.830 to -0.737, P = 0.478 to <0.001). Conclusions: Our results provide insight into the clinical value of ROM with consideration for age, sex and normative data as a determinant of disease progression and functional ability within individuals with AKU.