The Metaverse and user wellbeing: a psychological perspective

Taylor, Alexandra (2024) The Metaverse and user wellbeing: a psychological perspective. Masters by Research thesis (MSc), Manchester Metropolitan University.

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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of extended reality technologies and the Metaverse in user psychology, using Pancheva et al. (2021) theory of wellbeing. Alongside the increased implementation of these technologies, the current downfall in global mental health means such research is imperative. As such, the objectives of this study include a critical review of extant literature, the exploration of stakeholder opinions, and the extension of wellbeing theory within the context of XR and the Metaverse. Methodology: To uncover the underlying mechanisms that affect user wellbeing, a critical realist paradigm was adhered to that involved the exploration of wellbeing and Metaverse literature. Followed by qualitative analysis of ten in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (Healthcare professionals, Academics, Developers, and Users). Adhering to a critical realist thematic analysis, interviews were analysed with the objective of identifying effects on wellbeing and their respective causal underlying mechanisms. By identifying themes, the researcher was able to enhance knowledge about the Metaverse’s effect on user wellbeing, including how best to achieve positive wellbeing during technology use. This concluded in a context-specific framework, followed by future research agendas that incorporate notions of positive psychology. Findings: Analysis revealed that the Metaverse influences all constructs within hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, excluding purpose in life. However, also revealed were nuanced effects associated with the unique technological features of the Metaverse and the individual differences of users. To demonstrate these effects, findings are articulated in thematic relationships that illustrate underlying mechanisms and their associated effects. Contribution: The current study expands knowledge of an otherwise limited research domain and sets the groundwork for future research and policy regarding the long-term wellbeing effects of Metaverse and XR technology use.