Exploring emerging multiplicity and psychosocial functioning: A constructivist grounded theory study

Eve, Zarah ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-2042 (2024) Exploring emerging multiplicity and psychosocial functioning: A constructivist grounded theory study. Doctoral thesis (PhD), Manchester Metropolitan University.

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Abstract

This doctoral study explores the experience of multiplicity; having two or more selves in one body, and how it impacts psychosocial functioning. While the experience is often associated with Dissociative Identity Disorder, there is a growing need to conceptualise multiplicity outside of medicalisation for those not experiencing distress or impairment in functioning. The study is a qualitative analysis involving three stakeholder groups: experts-by-experience, support networks, and professionals. The study utilises two data collection methods, online semi-structured interviews, and online qualitative surveys, incorporating thirty-five participants. As there is limited research outside of medicalisation, the study uses a constructivist grounded theory method, allowing participant’s data to lead and tailor the focus. The emergent focus is on the positive experience of being multiple, the complexity of living in two worlds, and the impact that the outside world has on people’s psychosocial functioning. The original contribution to knowledge is the development of a novel theoretical model EMBRACE (Exploring Mental health Beliefs, Recognition, And Communication for Empathetic understanding). The model identifies the impact that (mis)understanding, media, language, and recognition and regulation have on people’s ability to live well as multiple. The tailored, non-medicalised language used throughout is also a novel contribution, highlighting how experiences of being multiple can be positive, life-enhancing, and supportive. Support from peers and professionals is key to people with multiplicity living well; however, it needs to be tailored, accepting of variance, and validating to people’s understanding of their experiences. By allowing people with multiplicity a safe space to explore and develop their inner communication and relationships, they can live a positive and fulfilling life with their multiplicity. This research helps to inform the gaps in understanding so that people with multiplicity can begin to share their experiences without fear of judgment or misunderstanding, seek support as required, and live well.