Antecedents and mediators of the association between adolescents’ intention and physical activity: a cross-sectional study in seven European countries

Maltagliati, Silvio, Papaioannou, Athanasios, Tessier, Damien, Carraro, Attilio, Pons, Joan, Demirhan, Giyasettin, Ramis, Yago, Appleton, Paul, Martins, João, Escriva-Boulley, Géraldine, Chalabaev, Aïna, Cheval, Boris, Krommidas, Charalampos and Sarrazin, Philippe (2023) Antecedents and mediators of the association between adolescents’ intention and physical activity: a cross-sectional study in seven European countries. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. ISSN 1612-197X

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Abstract

About 80% of adolescents report insufficient physical activity (PA) worldwide. Beyond the association of attitudes, family and friends’ support, and perceived behavioural control (PBC) with intention, self-regulation strategies are expected to underlie the association between intention and action. Particularly, action planning and self-monitoring, as well as the perceived energy needed to develop these strategies, may explain the relationship between intention and PA. However, existing evidence remains scarce and contrasted among adolescents. In a large sample of 13,136 adolescents from seven European countries, we examined the antecedents of intention. We further investigated whether action planning and self-monitoring mediated the association of intention with self-reported PA, as well as whether perceived energy predicted PA through these self-regulation strategies. Structural equation modeling showed that attitudes, PBC, family and friends’ support were all associated with intention (b> 0.08, p <.001). Intention (direct effect, b = 0.23, p <.001) and PBC were associated with PA (b = 0.22, p <.001). Action planning (indirect effect, b = 0.06, p <.001) and self-monitoring (indirect effect, b = 0.10, p <.001) partly mediated the relationship of intention with PA. Perceived energy was associated with PA through the partial mediating effect of action planning (indirect effect, b = 0.05, p <.001) and self-monitoring (indirect effect, b = 0.11, p <.001). Our results suggest that both action planning and self-monitoring underlie the association between intention and PA among European adolescents and that perceived energy could be an antecedent of these self-regulation strategies.