The 2015 South Korean–Japanese Agreement on ‘Comfort Women’: A Critical Analysis

Ramaj, Klea ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-5532 (2022) The 2015 South Korean–Japanese Agreement on ‘Comfort Women’: A Critical Analysis. International Criminal Law Review, 22 (3). pp. 475-509. ISSN 1571-8123

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Abstract

Before and during the Second World War, Japan established a legalised system of sexual slavery, in which approximately up to 200 000 women, euphemistically known as ‘comfort women’, were exploited. Although the victims came from all the regions of the Japanese Empire, the majority of them were Korean. While initial reconciliation attempts were met with refusal, a seemingly positive step was taken in December 2015, when South Korea and Japan announced that they had reached an agreement which would ‘finally and irreversibly’ resolve this issue. The main argument developed throughout the present article is that the agreement does not do justice in addressing the victims’ needs and rights in many ways, with the need for acknowledgement and memorialisation being primarily neglected. A critical evaluation of the 2015 agreement is particularly important in light of its suspension due to the dissolution of the Reconciliation and Healing Foundation.