Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa

Wijayawardene, NN, Hyde, KD, Al-Ani, LKT, Tedersoo, L, Haelewaters, D, Rajeshkumar, KC, Zhao, RL, Aptroot, A, Leontyev, DV, Saxena, RK, Tokarev, YS, Dai, DQ, Letcher, PM, Stephenson, SL, Ertz, D, Lumbsch, HT, Kukwa, M, Issi, IV, Madrid, H, Phillips, AJL, Selbmann, L, Pfliegler, WP, Horváth, E, Bensch, K, Kirk, PM, Kolaríková, K, Raja, HA, Radek, R, Papp, V, Dima, B, Ma, J, Malosso, E, Takamatsu, S, Rambold, G, Gannibal, PB, Triebel, D, Gautam, AK, Avasthi, S, Suetrong, S, Timdal, E, Fryar, SC, Delgado, G, Réblová, M, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Pawlowska, JZ, Humber, RA, Kodsueb, R, Sánchez-Castro, I, Goto, BT, Silva, DKA, de Souza, FA, Oehl, F, da Silva, GA, Silva, IR, Blaszkowski, J, Jobim, K, Maia, LC, Barbosa, FR, Fiuza, PO, Divakar, PK, Shenoy, BD and Castañeda-Ruiz, RF (2020) Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere Online: Journal of Fungal Biology, 11 (1). pp. 1060-1456. ISSN 2077-7019

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Abstract

This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. The placement of all fungal genera is provided at the class-, order- and family-level. The described number of species per genus is also given. Notes are provided of taxa for which recent changes or disagreements have been presented. Fungus-like taxa that were traditionally treated as fungi are also incorporated in this outline (i.e. Eumycetozoa, Dictyosteliomycetes, Ceratiomyxomycetes and Myxomycetes). Four new taxa are introduced: Amblyosporida ord. nov. Neopereziida ord. nov. and Ovavesiculida ord. nov. in Rozellomycota, and Protosporangiaceae fam. nov. in Dictyosteliomycetes. Two different classifications (in outline section and in discussion) are provided for Glomeromycota and Leotiomycetes based on recent studies. The phylogenetic reconstruction of a four-gene dataset (18S and 28S rRNA, RPB1, RPB2) of 433 taxa is presented, including all currently described orders of fungi.