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    Jacobitism on the Grand Tour? The Duchy of Lorraine and the 1715 Jacobite rebellion in the writings about displacement (1697-1736)

    Filet, Jeremy (2021) Jacobitism on the Grand Tour? The Duchy of Lorraine and the 1715 Jacobite rebellion in the writings about displacement (1697-1736). Doctoral thesis (PhD), Manchester Metropolitan University.

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    Abstract

    This dissertation aims to show that the political history of Jacobitism is part of the cultural history of the Grand Tour and that it is visible in its literary productions of the early 18th century by using the little-studied reign of Duke Leopold of Lorraine (r.1697-1729) as a case study. It notably argues that the use of the arch-genre of writings about displacements adds to the body of critical sources available to historians in understanding the threads of two intersecting networks of the early eighteenth-century: the Jacobites and the Grand-Tourists. Through the examination of archival materials and the writings of travellers visiting Lorraine, we have identified the 1720’s as a turning point in Leopold’s relationship with the British Isles. Indeed, from his restoration, the Duke of Lorraine aimed to maintain the independence of his dynasty and his territories by drawing on the long-lasting links between the Stuarts and the Lorrains via their attachment to Catholicism. However, we will demonstrate that it was after the failure of the 1715 Jacobite rebellion that the Duke of Lorraine shifted his interests towards British Grand-Tourists as part of wider a trend of joining in an international community of scholars of the early Enlightenment, ensuring connections with future diplomats or politicians whose travels would have been part of their training for the attainment of high-profiled positions once they had returned home. Indeed, the failed rebellion’s confirmation of the Act of Settlement convinced Leopold to align with Grand-tourists who were supporters of the Hanoverian succession. The political reality of the changing diplomatic climate of the post-Utrecht world took precedence over the ideals shared by the Lorrains and the Jacobites, and Leopold came to think as a Prince of the enlightenment rather than clinging onto now-outdated dynastic and religious connections to the Stuarts and their allies. Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les connections entre deux réseaux de voyageurs britanniques du 18ème siècle : les Jacobites et les Grand-touristes. Il s’agit plus précisément d’en faire leur histoire au sein du duché de Lorraine entre 1697 et 1729, période encore très peu étudiée du règne de Duc Léopold, et dans laquelle s’inscrit, non seulement la rébellion Jacobite de 1715 mais aussi la création de l’académie de Lunéville, qui est ici nouvellement identifiée comme un arrêt prisé du Grand Tour. L’exploitation de sources d’archives permettant l’histoire politique et sociale du Jacobitisime en Lorraine, ainsi que les écrits du Grand Tour traitant de la présence britannique autour de l’académie de Lunéville, nous permettra de révéler les interactions entre ce groupe d’exilés politiques et la communauté de Grand-touristes de passage en Lorraine. Nous proposerons également une méthodologie qui réduit la distance entre les disciplines historiques et littéraires pour l’étude du Grand Tour et de ses productions écrites, montrant par la même que l’utilisation du concept d’archi-genre permet, dans le cadre de notre corpus, de révéler les années 1720 comme moment charnière des relations entre les dynasties Stuart et Lorraine. Cette étude témoignera ainsi de l’importance des académies d’éducation comme extension de la diplomatie de leur souverain en révélant que les idéaux de fidélité dynastique et religieuse sont peu à peu remplacés au profit de la création d’une communauté d’intellectuels des lumières dans laquelle s’insèrent futurs diplomates et politiciens sur le Tour.

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