An overview of CV-MDI-QKD

Fletcher, Alasdair I, Harney, Cillian, Ghalaii, Masoud ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4242-8748, Papanastasiou, Panagiotis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1102-2104, Mountogiannakis, Alexandros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-5643, Spedalieri, Gaetana, Hajomer, Adnan A E ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-4857, Gehring, Tobias and Pirandola, Stefano ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-5615 (2025) An overview of CV-MDI-QKD. Reports on Progress in Physics, 88. 084001. ISSN 0034-4885

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Abstract

As quantum key distribution (QKD) emerges as a robust defence against quantum computer threats, significant advancements have been realised by researchers. A pivotal focus has been the development of protocols that not only simplify hardware implementation, such as the use of continuous-variable (CV) systems, but also eliminate the necessity for trusted nodes, as seen with the measurement-device-independent (MDI) approach. This paper delves into the integration of these methodologies in the CV-MDI-QKD protocol, offering an in-depth exploration of its evolution, primary characteristics, and the latest advancements in both theory and experiment.