Effects of Dielectric Properties of Human Body on Communication Link Margins and Specific Absorption Rate of Implanted Antenna System

Ghosh, Soham, Ekpo, Sunday Cookey ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9219-3759, Elias, Fanuel, Alabi, Stephen and Gupta, Bhaskar (2025) Effects of Dielectric Properties of Human Body on Communication Link Margins and Specific Absorption Rate of Implanted Antenna System. Sensors, 25 (11). pp. 1-22. ISSN 1424-8220

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Abstract

This study examines how the effective dielectric characteristics of the human torso affect the carrier-link-margin (CLM) and data-link-margin (DLM) of a biocompatible gelatin-encapsulated implantable medical device (IMD) that consists of a small implantable antenna, battery, printed circuit board (PCB), camera, and sensor operating at 2.5 GHz. The specific absorption rate (SAR) and the radio frequency (RF) link performances of the IMD are tested for ±20% changes in reference to the mean values of the effective relative permittivity, ɛeff, and the effective conductivity, σeff, of the human body model. An artificial neural network (ANN) with two inputs (ɛeff, σeff) and five outputs (SAR_1g, SAR_10g, fractional bandwidth, CLM, and DLM) is trained by 80% of the total scenarios and tested by 20% of them in order to provide reliable dependent analyses. The highest changes in 1 g SAR value, 10 g SAR value, fractional bandwidth, CLM, and DLM at 4 m distance for 100 Kbps are 63%, 41.6%, 17.97%, 26.79%, and 5.89%, respectively, when compared to the reference effective electrical properties of the homogeneous human body model. This work is the first to accurately depend on the electrical analyses of the human body for the link margins of an implantable antenna system. Furthermore, the work's uniqueness is distinguished by the application of the CLM and DLM principles in the sphere of IMD communication.