Unleashing the Potentials of IoT with Focus on Energy and Path Loss for Internet of Medical Things

Hussain, Altaf ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-9652, Li, Shuaiyong ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-5173, Attar, Razaz Waheeb ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9819-7945, Al Dabel, Maryam M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-8939, Bashir, Ali Kashif ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-9327, Alhomoud, Ahmed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-3106 and Hussain, Tariq ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-0346 (2025) Unleashing the Potentials of IoT with Focus on Energy and Path Loss for Internet of Medical Things. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 34 (11). 2550264. ISSN 1793-6454

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Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses a broad platform of sensor networks incorporating independent wireless networks. With advancements in sensor technology and IoT-enabled networks, their applications in the medical field have led to the development of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). In IoMT, sensor nodes monitor and evaluate patient conditions such as heartbeat, blood sugar levels, blood pressure and temperature, and can also remotely track patient activities through remote analysis. These IoMT systems utilize tiny sensors with limited communication ranges to gather essential patient information. Wireless devices are equipped with a short range and need a direct communication path. However, transmitting data from the source node to the destination node ultimately results in energy consumption and path loss. Path loss models and energy consumption models are essential to address these issues. In this paper, we propose a novel routing protocol named Energy Efficient and Path Loss Preserving (EEPLP) for IoMT. The EEPLP protocol focuses on energy efficiency and path loss preservation based on the relay approach. Two models are being proposed, one for path loss and the other for energy consumption. Finally, both models are merged since the major contribution is to avoid path loss and enhance the protocol’s energy efficiency. The EEPLP evaluates the state-of-the-art existing approaches of IoMT. The protocol is evaluated by simulating conditions and compared with other similar routing protocols already deployed in the IoMT; it has been observed that the EEPLP scheme has the potential to be maneuvered in IoMT structures with core targets of energy efficiency as well as path loss preservation techniques.