Physiotherapists’ perceptions on the management of musculoskeletal conditions in women of perimenopausal and menopausal age: a qualitative focus group study

Turner, Kate, Crampton, Jennifer and Dobbin, Nicholas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-1683 (2025) Physiotherapists’ perceptions on the management of musculoskeletal conditions in women of perimenopausal and menopausal age: a qualitative focus group study. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice: an international journal of physical therapy. ISSN 0959-3985

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Abstract

Background The perimenopause and menopause are characterised by a reduction in estrogen that can affect tendons, fascia, cartilage, pain perception, and inflammatory processes, which may contribute to musculoskeletal pain. It is largely unknown if this is considered by physiotherapists when managing patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Objective To explore UK physiotherapists’ perceptions of managing women of perimenopausal and menopausal age presenting with musculoskeletal conditions. Methods Using an interpretative qualitative phenomenological approach, eleven physiotherapists participated in semi-structured focus groups. The data were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results The three broad themes that relate to the overall research question included: 1). Knowledge, knowledge construction, and knowledge sharing; 2). Attitudes toward menopause in a changing healthcare landscape; and 3). How knowledge and attitudes combine to impact patient management. Our results indicate that knowledge of the perimenopause and menopause was limited to some common symptoms primarily drawn from personal experiences or nonscientific sources, and that this knowledge is rarely shared with others. Some participants indicated some, but limited, consideration of the menopause when managing musculoskeletal complaints. However, all participants agreed that the menopause should receive greater attention in musculoskeletal management in practice, education, and from key organisations to improve diagnoses and patient management. Conclusion This study provides insight into physiotherapists’ perceptions of the perimenopause and menopause in musculoskeletal care. It highlights the importance of constructing knowledge from evidence-based sources, transferring knowledge to patients and colleagues, and understanding the menopause within a changing healthcare landscape to improve patient outcomes.