Biodiesel production by esterification of oleic acid over zeolite Y prepared from kaolin

Doyle, AM ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5800-0412, Albayati, TM, Abbas, AS and Alismaeel, ZT (2016) Biodiesel production by esterification of oleic acid over zeolite Y prepared from kaolin. Renewable Energy, 97. pp. 19-23. ISSN 0960-1481

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Abstract

Zeolite Y, with a Si/Al ratio 3.1, was prepared using Iraqi kaolin and tested as a catalyst in the liquid-phase esterification of oleic acid (a simulated free fatty acid frequently used as a model reaction for biodiesel production). XRD confirmed the presence of the characteristic faujasite structure of zeolite Y, and further analysis was conducted using BET adsorption, FTIR spectroscopy, XRF, DLS particle size and SEM. A range of experimental conditions were employed to study the reaction; alcohol/oleic acid molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst mass loading. The optimum conditions for the reaction were observed at 70 °C, 5 wt% catalyst loading and 6:1 ethanol to oleic acid molar ratio. The oleic acid conversion using the zeolite prepared from kaolin was 85% after 60 min, while the corresponding value for a commercial sample of HY zeolite was 76%. Our findings show that low Si/Al ratio zeolite Y is a suitable catalyst for esterification, which is in contrast to the widespread view of the unsuitability of zeolites, in general, for such applications.

Item Type:	Article
Peer-reviewed:	Yes
Date Deposited:	13 Feb 2017 09:28
Publisher:	Elsevier
Additional Information:	This is an Author Accepted Manuscript of a paper accepted for publication in Renewable Energy, published by and copyright Elsevier.
Divisions:	Faculties > Science and Engineering
Subject terms:	Science & Technology, Technology, Green & Sustainable Science & Technology, Energy & Fuels, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Biodiesel, Esterification, Y zeolite, Kaolin, Si/Al ratio, OIL, CATALYSTS, TRANSESTERIFICATION, BETA, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0913 Mechanical Engineering, 0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering, Energy
URI:	https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/637
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.067
ISSN	0960-1481

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