Enhancing Clinical Validation for Early Cardiovascular Disease Prediction through Simulation, AI, and Web Technology

Sufian, MA ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3503-6942, Hamzi, W, Zaman, S ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8746-3645, Alsadder, L ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3019-9754, Hamzi, B, Varadarajan, J ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2778-1265 and Azad, MAK ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4014-6047 (2024) Enhancing Clinical Validation for Early Cardiovascular Disease Prediction through Simulation, AI, and Web Technology. Diagnostics, 14 (12). 1308. ISSN 2075-4418

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health challenge and a leading cause of mortality, highlighting the need for improved predictive models. We introduce an innovative agent-based dynamic simulation technique that enhances our AI models’ capacity to predict CVD progression. This method simulates individual patient responses to various cardiovascular risk factors, improving prediction accuracy and detail. Also, by incorporating an ensemble learning model and interface of web application in the context of CVD prediction, we developed an AI dashboard-based model to enhance the accuracy of disease prediction and provide a user-friendly app. The performance of traditional algorithms was notable, with Ensemble learning and XGBoost achieving accuracies of 91% and 95%, respectively. A significant aspect of our research was the integration of these models into a streamlit-based interface, enhancing user accessibility and experience. The streamlit application achieved a predictive accuracy of 97%, demonstrating the efficacy of combining advanced AI techniques with user-centered web applications in medical prediction scenarios. This 97% confidence level was evaluated by Brier score and calibration curve. The design of the streamlit application facilitates seamless interaction between complex ML models and end-users, including clinicians and patients, supporting its use in real-time clinical settings. While the study offers new insights into AI-driven CVD prediction, we acknowledge limitations such as the dataset size. In our research, we have successfully validated our predictive proposed methodology against an external clinical setting, demonstrating its robustness and accuracy in a real-world fixture. The validation process confirmed the model’s efficacy in the early detection of CVDs, reinforcing its potential for integration into clinical workflows to aid in proactive patient care and management. Future research directions include expanding the dataset, exploring additional algorithms, and conducting clinical trials to validate our findings. This research provides a valuable foundation for future studies, aiming to make significant strides against CVDs.