Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise

Runacres, Adam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-2805, Mackintosh, Kelly, Evans, Tim and McNarry, Melitta A (2022) Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (12). p. 7410. ISSN 1660-4601

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Official URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/12/7410

Abstract

Whilst participation in regular exercise and sport has generally increased over recent decades globally, fundamental questions remain regarding the influence of growth, maturation, and sex on the magnitude of training response throughout adolescence. Trained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.3 ± 1.8 years) and untrained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.7 ± 1.7 years) adolescents completed an incremental ramp test to exhaustion during which breath by gas exchange, beat-by-beat heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q·) and muscle deoxygenation were assessed. Device-based physical activity was also assessed over seven consecutive days. Boys, irrespective of training status, had a significantly higher absolute (2.65 ± 0.70 L min−1 vs. 2.01 ± 0.45 L min−1, p < 0.01) and allometrically scaled (183.8 ± 31.4 mL·kg−b min−1 vs. 146.5 ± 28.5 mL·kg−b min−1, p < 0.01) peak oxygen uptake (V·O2) than girls. There were no sex differences in peak HR, SV or Q· but boys had a higher muscle deoxygenation plateau when expressed against absolute work rate and V·O2 (p < 0.05). Muscle deoxygenation appears to be more important in determining the sex differences in peak V·O2 in youth. Future research should examine the effects of sex on the response to different training methodologies in youth.

Item Type:	Article
Peer-reviewed:	Yes
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2023 11:46
Publisher:	MDPI AG
Additional Information:	This is an Open Access article published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, by MDPI.
Divisions:	Faculties > Science and Engineering Research Centres > Musculoskeletal Sciences & Sport Medicine
Subject terms:	Adolescent, Cardiac Output, Child, Exercise, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Muscle, Skeletal, Humans, Cardiac Output, Exercise Test, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Exercise, Oxygen Consumption, Adolescent, Child, Female, Male, aerobic fitness, children, exercise, performance, physiology, Adolescent, Cardiac Output, Child, Exercise, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Toxicology
Data Access Statement:	The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to ethical considerations when working with children and young people.
URI:	https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/632342
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127410
ISSN	1660-4601
e-ISSN	1660-4601

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