Skeletal maturation and growth rates are related to bone and growth plate injuries in adolescent athletics

Wik, Eirik Halvorsen, Martínez-Silván, Daniel, Farooq, Abdulaziz, Cardinale, Marco, Johnson, Amanda ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-6506 and Bahr, Roald (2020) Skeletal maturation and growth rates are related to bone and growth plate injuries in adolescent athletics. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 30 (5). pp. 894-903. ISSN 0905-7188

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13635

Abstract

Injuries are common in elite adolescent athletics, but few studies have addressed risk factors for injury. Growth and maturation are potential risk factors in this population; however, the current body of literature is both inconclusive and considered at high risk of bias. The aim of this study was therefore to examine whether growth rate, maturity status, and maturity tempo are associated with injury risk in an elite sports academy. Anthropometric, skeletal maturity and injury data collected prospectively over four seasons (117 athlete-seasons) were included in the analyses. Growth rate for stature was associated with greater risk of bone (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.5 per one standard deviation increase above the mean; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9) and growth plate injuries (IRR: 2.1; 1.5-3.1). Growth rate for leg length was associated with greater overall injury risk (IRR: 1.3; 1.0-1.7) as well as the risk of bone (IRR: 1.4; 1.0-1.9) and growth plate injuries (IRR: 2.1; 1.4-3.0). Athletes with greater skeletal maturity, expressed as skeletal age (IRR: 0.6 per year; 0.5-0.9) and percentage of predicted mature height (IRR: 0.8 per percent increase; 0.7-1.0), were less prone to growth plate injuries. Rate of change in skeletal age was associated with an increased risk of bone injuries (IRR: 1.5; 1.0-2.3). The results of this study suggest that rapid growth in stature and leg length, skeletal maturity status, and maturity tempo represent risk factors for certain injury types in adolescent athletics.

Item Type:	Article
Peer-reviewed:	Yes
Date Deposited:	09 May 2023 09:33
Publisher:	Wiley
Additional Information:	This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wik, EH, Martínez-Silván, D, Farooq, A, Cardinale, M, Johnson, A, Bahr, R. Skeletal maturation and growth rates are related to bone and growth plate injuries in adolescent athletics. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020; 30: 894– 903, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13635. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
Divisions:	Faculties > Health and Education Research Centres > Health, Psychology and Communities
Subject terms:	Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Sport Sciences, epidemiology, growth and development, male, sports medicine, track and field, youth, COMMITTEE CONSENSUS STATEMENT, BIOLOGICAL MATURATION, RISK-FACTORS, YOUTH TRACK, FIELD, AGE, FRACTURES, MATURITY, VELOCITY, ILLNESS, Bone and Bones, Growth Plate, Humans, Athletic Injuries, Age Determination by Skeleton, Anthropometry, Risk Factors, Adolescent Development, Age Factors, Sports, Adolescent, Child, epidemiology, growth and development, male, sports medicine, track and field, youth, Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Age Determination by Skeleton, Age Factors, Anthropometry, Athletic Injuries, Bone and Bones, Child, Growth Plate, Humans, Risk Factors, Sports, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1116 Medical Physiology, Sport Sciences
URI:	https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/631647
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13635
ISSN	0905-7188
e-ISSN	1600-0838

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