Place crowd safety, crowd science? Case studies and application

Still, Keith, Papalexi, Marina, Fan, Yiyi and Bamford, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-1357 (2020) Place crowd safety, crowd science? Case studies and application. Journal of Place Management and Development, 13 (4). pp. 385-407. ISSN 1753-8335

Preview

Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (1MB) | Preview

Abstract

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the development and application of place crowd safety management tools for areas of public assembly and major events, from a practitioner perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The crowd safety risk assessment model is known as design, information, management-ingress, circulation, egress (DIM-ICE) (Still, 2009) is implemented to optimise crowd safety and potentially throughput. Three contrasting case studies represent examples of some of the world’s largest and most challenging crowd safety projects. Findings – The paper provides some insight into how the DIM-ICE model can be used to aid strategic planning at major events, assess potential crowd risks and to avoid potential crowd safety issues. Practical implications – It provides further clarity to what effective place management practice is. Evidence-based on the case studies demonstrates that the application of the DIM-ICE model is useful for recognising potential place crowd safety issues and identifying areas for require improvement. Originality/value – Crowd science is an emerging field of research, which is primarily motivated by place crowd safety issues in congested places; the application and reporting of an evidence-based model (i.e. DIMICE model) add to this. The paper addresses a research gap related to the implementation of analytic tools in characterising place crowd dynamics.