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    Low-Power Wide Area Network Technologies for Internet-of-Things: A Comparative Review

    Ikpehai, Augustine, Adebisi, Bamidele, Rabie, Khaled ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9784-3703, Anoh, Kelvin, Ande, Ruth, Hammoudeh, Mohammad, Gacanin, Haris and Mbanaso, Uche (2019) Low-Power Wide Area Network Technologies for Internet-of-Things: A Comparative Review. IEEE Internet of Things, 6 (2). pp. 2225-2240. ISSN 2327-4662

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    Abstract

    The rapid growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) in the current decade has led to the the development of a multitude of new access technologies targeted at lowpower, wide area networks (LP-WANs). However, this has also created another challenge pertaining to technology selection. This paper reviews the performance of LP-WAN technologies for IoT, including design choices and their implications. We consider Sigfox, LoRaWAN, WavIoT, random phase multiple access (RPMA), narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) as well as LTE-M and assess their performance in terms of signal propagation, coverage and energy conservation. The comparative analyses presented in this paper are based on available data sheets and simulation results. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to evaluate network performance in response to variations in system design parameters. Results show that each of RPMA, NB-IoT and LTE-M incurs at least 9 dB additional path loss relative to Sigfox and LoRaWAN. This study further reveals that with a 10% improvement in receiver sensitivity, NB-IoT 882 MHz and LoRaWAN can increase coverage by up to 398% and 142% respectively, without adverse effects on the energy requirements. Finally, extreme weather conditions can significantly reduce the active network life of LP-WANs. In particular, the results indicate that operating an IoT device in a temperature of -20 degree C can shorten its life by about half; 53% (WavIoT, LoRaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT, RPMA) and 48% in LTE-M compared with environmental temperature of 40 degree C.

    Item Type: Article
    Peer-reviewed: Yes
    Date Deposited: 11 Dec 2018 14:48
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
    Additional Information: "(c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works."
    Divisions: Faculties > Science and Engineering
    Subject terms: Access technologies, low-power wide area network (LP-WAN), Internet-of-things (IoT), LoRaWAN, Sigfox, Sensitivity analysis, WavIoT, Link budget, energy conservation, random phase multiple access (RPMA), LTE-M, narrow band IoT (NB-IoT)
    URI: https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/621985
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2018.2883728
    ISSN 2327-4662

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