%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
David J. Wright, Greg Wood, Zoe C. Franklin, Ben Marshall, Martin Riach, Paul S. Holmes
Directing visual attention during action observation modulates corticospinal excitability
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 9 0 R/Contents 10 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
9 0 obj
[11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R]
endobj
11 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref007)>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref008)>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref009)>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref010)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref011)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref012)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref013)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref014)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref015)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref016)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref017)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref018)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref019)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref015)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref020)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref016)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref021)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref022)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref023)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref024)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref025)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref017)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 34 0 R>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>
endobj
10 0 obj
[35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R]
endobj
35 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
268.3276 680.315 m
273.0898 680.315 l
h
f*
444.5858 667.3323 m
449.348 667.3323 l
h
f*
453.7701 667.3323 m
458.5323 667.3323 l
h
f*
462.9543 667.3323 m
472.4787 667.3323 l
h
f*
532.4598 641.3102 m
541.9843 641.3102 l
h
f*
491.6976 615.3449 m
501.222 615.3449 l
h
f*
272.5795 563.3008 m
282.1039 563.3008 l
h
f*
286.526 563.3008 m
296.0504 563.3008 l
h
f*
354.3874 537.3354 m
363.9118 537.3354 l
h
f*
368.3339 537.3354 m
377.8583 537.3354 l
h
f*
382.2803 537.3354 m
391.8047 537.3354 l
h
f*
396.2835 537.3354 m
405.8079 537.3354 l
h
f*
410.2299 537.3354 m
419.7543 537.3354 l
h
f*
486.9354 537.3354 m
496.4598 537.3354 l
h
f*
372.7559 446.3433 m
382.2803 446.3433 l
h
f*
379.4457 394.2992 m
388.9701 394.2992 l
h
f*
454.3937 329.3291 m
463.9181 329.3291 l
h
f*
468.3969 329.3291 m
477.8646 329.3291 l
h
f*
517.663 186.3496 m
527.1874 186.3496 l
h
f*
531.6661 186.3496 m
541.1906 186.3496 l
h
f*
545.6126 186.3496 m
555.137 186.3496 l
h
f*
265.2094 134.3055 m
274.7339 134.3055 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(directed)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(towards)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(instructions,)Tj
5.2271 0 Td
(cognitive)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(tasks,)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(visual)Tj
-34.5257 -1.3039 Td
(cues.)Tj
2.1769 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.99 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.364 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(eliminated)Tj
4.4731 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(distractor)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(tasks)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(divert)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(away)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.8807 -1.2982 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(Behavioural)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(indicates)Tj
3.77 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(imitation)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(facili-)Tj
-34.9169 -1.2983 Td
(tated)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(directed)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(towards)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2585 0 Td
(9)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.9185 0 Td
(10)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(Based)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.27 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(findings,)Tj
-34.0949 -1.2983 Td
(directing)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(explicitly)Tj
3.8325 0 Td
(towards)Tj
3.4015 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(should)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2859 0 Td
(consider-)Tj
-32.4054 -1.3039 Td
(ation)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(delivering)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8982 0 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5389 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(motor)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(\(re\)learning)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(\(see)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
-31.7081 -1.2982 Td
(Transcranial)Tj
5.2724 0 Td
(magnetic)Tj
3.9004 0 Td
(stimulation)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(\(TMS\))Tj
2.88 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(extensively)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.0054 -1.2983 Td
(explore)Tj
3.1747 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(observation.)Tj
5.1193 0 Td
(Fadiga)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(al.)Tj
1.1225 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(demon-)Tj
-32.4848 -1.3039 Td
(strated)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(facilitated)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(upper)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(limb)Tj
-33.3919 -1.2983 Td
(movements)Tj
4.8755 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(static)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(objects.)Tj
3.2201 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.99 0 Td
(effect,)Tj
2.5851 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
-36.1925 -1.2983 Td
(muscles)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(would)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(execution)Tj
4.1046 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(action,)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(since)Tj
2.2394 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(repli-)Tj
-34.3953 -1.3039 Td
(cated)Tj
2.3243 0 Td
(widely)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(\(see)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(14)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(Despite)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(considerable)Tj
5.2554 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(topic,)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(until)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(recently)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(few)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(stud-)Tj
-35.3364 -1.2982 Td
(ies)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(facilitation)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
-32.1616 -1.2983 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(16)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(17)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(18)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(19)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(Leonetti)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(al.)Tj
1.1282 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(among)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.3194 -1.3039 Td
(first)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(demonstrate)Tj
5.2327 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(modulated)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(action)Tj
-33.6186 -1.2983 Td
(observation.)Tj
5.125 0 Td
(They)Tj
2.2336 0 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(differences)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(manner)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.5745 -1.2982 Td
(facilitated)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(grasping)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(actions)Tj
3.0558 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(central)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(peripheral)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(vision.)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(They)Tj
-33.9588 -1.2983 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(passive)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8982 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(grasping)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(actions)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(viewed)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(peripheral)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(vision)Tj
2.6306 0 Td
(facilitated)Tj
-32.0823 -1.3039 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3914 0 Td
(excitability.)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(facilitation,)Tj
4.7282 0 Td
(however,)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(did)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(reflect)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(temporal)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.0473 -1.2983 Td
(kinematic)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
(components)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(movement)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(manner)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(evident)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
-33.0744 -1.2983 Td
(actions)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(viewed)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(central)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(vision)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(\(e.g.,)Tj
2.126 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(concluded)Tj
4.3767 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(actions)Tj
3.0558 0 Td
(are)Tj
-35.9941 -1.3039 Td
(viewed)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(peripheral)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(vision,)Tj
2.846 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observer)Tj
3.634 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(able)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(extract)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.074 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(general)Tj
-34.6845 -1.2982 Td
(aspects)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(movement,)Tj
4.7452 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.0739 0 Td
(related)Tj
2.9481 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(movement)Tj
-30.9711 -1.2983 Td
(execution.)Tj
1.1962 -1.3039 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(related)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(experiment,)Tj
5.006 0 Td
(Donaldson)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(al.)Tj
1.1225 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1273 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(corticosp-)Tj
-33.5676 -1.2983 Td
(inal)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(location)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(gaze)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(fixations)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(passive)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(activities)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.1607 -1.2983 Td
(daily)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(living)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(\(e.g.,)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(reaching)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(grasping)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(objects,)Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(stirring)Tj
3.1691 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(cup)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(tea)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(spoon\).)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(study)Tj
-34.7922 -1.2982 Td
(represented)Tj
4.9095 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(advancement)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
(literature)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(novel)Tj
-34.6164 -1.3039 Td
(inclusion)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(eye)Tj
1.5194 0 Td
(gaze)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(metrics)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(\(e.g.,)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0942 0 Td
(location)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(fixations\))Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(indica-)Tj
-34.2819 -1.2983 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(attentional)Tj
4.5241 0 Td
(processes)Tj
3.9684 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8982 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7405 0 Td
(22)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(Although)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.7752 -1.2983 Td
(eye-tracking)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(measures)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(simultaneously,)Tj
6.4686 0 Td
(Donaldson)Tj
4.6318 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(al.)Tj
1.1281 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6624 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(facili-)Tj
-35.2174 -1.3039 Td
(tation)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(associated)Tj
4.2577 0 Td
(positively)Tj
4.0138 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(fixations)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.0813 -1.2982 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(video)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(depicting)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(effector-object)Tj
6.0095 0 Td
(interactions,)Tj
5.193 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(negatively)Tj
4.2349 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(fix-)Tj
-36.1528 -1.2983 Td
(ations)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(video)Tj
2.3925 0 Td
(containing)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(static)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(objects.)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(interpreted)Tj
4.6828 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(reflect)Tj
-35.121 -1.3039 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(activation)Tj
4.1555 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(putative)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(mirror)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(neuron)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9366 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4095 0 Td
(attending)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(biological)Tj
-32.6322 -1.2983 Td
(motion.)Tj
1.1962 -1.2983 Td
(Taken)Tj
2.7325 0 Td
(together,)Tj
3.7588 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(findings)Tj
3.4865 0 Td
(indicate)Tj
3.4073 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(observa-)Tj
-34.1856 -1.3039 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(modulated)Tj
4.5297 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(participants')Tj
5.176 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(attention.)Tj
4.0649 0 Td
(Specifically,)Tj
4.9152 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
-32.6889 -1.2982 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(facilitated)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(extent)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(attend)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(task-relevant)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
-35.4271 -1.2983 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(central)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(vision.)Tj
2.8517 0 Td
(There)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(viewing)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(instructions)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(provided)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.875 -1.2983 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(modulate)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3914 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7405 0 Td
(24)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(25)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-34.5597 -1.3039 Td
(Instructing)Tj
4.6657 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(fixate)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(task-relevant)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(may,)Tj
-34.9339 -1.2983 Td
(therefore,)Tj
4.0761 0 Td
(facilitate)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(extent)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(passive)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(observation)Tj
-30.0754 -1.2982 Td
(instructions.)Tj
1.1962 -1.3039 Td
(Puglisi)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(al.)Tj
1.1281 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(explored)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(issue)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(measuring)Tj
4.4391 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(amplitude)Tj
4.286 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(H-reflex)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.9033 -1.2983 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(rhythmical)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(hand)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(flexion-extension)Tj
7.1602 0 Td
(movement)Tj
4.5128 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(atten-)Tj
-33.4429 -1.2983 Td
(tional)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(manipulations.)Tj
6.2248 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(condition)Tj
4.1159 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(directed)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(explicitly)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(focus)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.6845 -1.3039 Td
(action,)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(whilst)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4787 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(were)Tj
-31.8272 -1.2982 Td
(instructed)Tj
4.2632 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(complete)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(cognitive)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(task)Tj
1.8141 0 Td
(involving)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(monitoring)Tj
4.8245 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(activity)Tj
3.118 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(light)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(mounted)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 406.6582 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.3102 0 Td
(&)Tj
0.8788 0 Td
(eye)Tj
1.8071 0 Td
(movem)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(ents)Tj
2.0835 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9409 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.8347 0 Td
(observatio)Tj
4.5284 0 Td
(n)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01901)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(65)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7205 0 Td
(5,)Tj
1.0417 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.1436 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
36 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
37 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
38 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
39 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
40 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(15)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 59 0 R/Contents 60 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
59 0 obj
[61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R]
endobj
61 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref018)>>
endobj
62 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref019)>>
endobj
63 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref018)>>
endobj
64 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref018)>>
endobj
65 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref026)>>
endobj
66 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref027)>>
endobj
67 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 68 0 R>>
endobj
68 0 obj
<>
endobj
60 0 obj
[69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R]
endobj
69 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
433.8142 641.3102 m
443.3386 641.3102 l
h
f*
343.6157 576.3402 m
353.1402 576.3402 l
h
f*
525.0898 524.2961 m
534.6142 524.2961 l
h
f*
278.3622 485.348 m
287.8866 485.348 l
h
f*
462.3307 179.3197 m
471.7984 179.3197 l
h
f*
203.4142 153.2976 m
212.9386 153.2976 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(onto)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(hand,)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(focus)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(itself.)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(Relative)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(control)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(condition,)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.1777 -1.3039 Td
(amplitude)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(H-reflex)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(increased)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(conditions,)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(significantly)Tj
-32.2523 -1.2982 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(condition)Tj
4.1158 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(directed)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(explicitly)Tj
3.8325 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(action.)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(The)Tj
-34.3443 -1.2983 Td
(authors)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(interpreted)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(indicate)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(motor)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(resonance)Tj
4.2576 0 Td
(response)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
(is)Tj
-36.6347 -1.2983 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(pronounced)Tj
5.1193 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(directed)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(explicitly)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(action.)Tj
-26.9629 -1.3039 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(TMS,)Tj
2.4265 0 Td
(D'Innocenzo)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(al.)Tj
1.1282 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(examined)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(directing)Tj
-33.8681 -1.2982 Td
(participants')Tj
5.1703 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(fixed)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(locations)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(thumb)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(abduction-)Tj
-30.6593 -1.2983 Td
(adduction)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(movement.)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(They)Tj
2.2394 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(that,)Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(free-viewing)Tj
5.1874 0 Td
(condition)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(where)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(visual)Tj
-33.6923 -1.3039 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(constrained,)Tj
5.159 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(facilitated)Tj
4.1273 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(participants)Tj
-30.4665 -1.2983 Td
(directed)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(fixed)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(location)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(would)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(provided)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(biological)Tj
-33.3068 -1.2983 Td
(motion)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(across)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(fovea.)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(Betti)Tj
2.0862 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9468 0 Td
(al.)Tj
1.1225 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(demonstrated)Tj
5.7656 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(is)Tj
-35.1437 -1.3039 Td
(reduced)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(drawn)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(away)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(introduction)Tj
5.3121 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(flash-)Tj
-35.087 -1.2982 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(dot)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(location)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(contralateral)Tj
5.2554 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(action.)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(Based)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(findings,)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(directing)Tj
-32.4564 -1.2983 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(explicitly)Tj
3.8267 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
(interventions)Tj
5.5332 0 Td
(appears)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(facilitate)Tj
3.5999 0 Td
(corti-)Tj
-34.1515 -1.3039 Td
(cospinal)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(excitability,)Tj
4.8018 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(accelerate)Tj
4.1215 0 Td
(motor)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(\(re\)learning)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8982 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Despite)Tj
-34.2423 -1.2983 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(emerging)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5602 0 Td
(indicating)Tj
4.2633 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(link)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(modulation)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.6822 -1.2982 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3914 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(observation,)Tj
5.125 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(required.)Tj
3.8665 0 Td
(To)Tj
1.3379 0 Td
(date,)Tj
2.1317 0 Td
(only)Tj
-35.4782 -1.2983 Td
(D'Innocenzo)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(al.)Tj
1.1225 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(eye-tracking)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(simultaneously)Tj
6.2419 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(so)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.2854 -1.3039 Td
(direct)Tj
2.5284 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3914 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5695 0 Td
(remains)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(estab-)Tj
-34.7185 -1.2983 Td
(lished.)Tj
2.7949 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(particular,)Tj
4.3369 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(currently)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(unknown)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(whether)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(certain)Tj
2.9876 0 Td
(eye-gaze)Tj
3.6114 0 Td
(metrics)Tj
3.1804 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(predict)Tj
-33.0234 -1.2983 Td
(modulation)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3914 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(observation.)Tj
5.1193 0 Td
(Furthermore,)Tj
5.6183 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7823 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(possible)Tj
-33.8794 -1.3039 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(directing)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(aspects)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(action,)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(specific)Tj
-32.7739 -1.2982 Td
(body)Tj
2.2166 0 Td
(parts)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(objects)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(involved,)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(differentially)Tj
5.3064 0 Td
(modulate)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability,)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(this)Tj
-35.3648 -1.2983 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(yet)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(tested.)Tj
-5.4368 -1.3039 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7678 0 Td
(aimed)Tj
2.6873 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(determine)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(extent)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(directing)Tj
3.804 0 Td
(participants')Tj
5.1704 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(atten-)Tj
-35.24 -1.2983 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(task-relevant)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(action,)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(first-person)Tj
4.8869 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(per-)Tj
-34.418 -1.2983 Td
(spective,)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(modulated)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3914 0 Td
(excitability.)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8561 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(hypothesised)Tj
5.4141 0 Td
(that:)Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(\(i\))Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
-29.4801 -1.2982 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
(would)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(facilitated)Tj
4.1272 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(observation)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(facilitation)Tj
4.4957 0 Td
(would)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(spe-)Tj
-34.8545 -1.3039 Td
(cific)Tj
1.8878 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(muscles)Tj
3.3845 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.6454 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(execution)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(action,)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(\(ii\))Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(facilitation)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(would)Tj
-34.8375 -1.2983 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(instructed)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(direct)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(attention)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(task-rel-)Tj
-34.1459 -1.2983 Td
(evant)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(action,)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(compared)Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7985 0 Td
(freely,)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(\(iii\))Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.4067 -1.3039 Td
(number)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(fixations)Tj
3.6454 0 Td
(located)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2642 0 Td
(task-relevant)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(features)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0035 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(would)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(significantly)Tj
-32.7229 -1.2982 Td
(predict)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(extent)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(corticospinal)Tj
5.3915 0 Td
(excitability)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(observation.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 241.3984 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Material)Tj
3.959 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
-5.948 -1.4976 Td
(Participants)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 206.4188 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Nineteen)Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(healthy)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(volunteers)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(\(13)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(male,)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(female\))Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(aged)Tj
2.0693 0 Td
(1937)Tj
2.6418 0 Td
(years)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(\(mean)Tj
2.7892 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(23.63)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
2.347 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
0.7881 0 Td
(4.59)Tj
-33.613 -1.3039 Td
(years\))Tj
2.6021 0 Td
(participated)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(experiment.)Tj
5.006 0 Td
(Seventeen)Tj
4.2349 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(handed)Tj
3.2144 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(were)Tj
-35.2287 -1.2982 Td
(left)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(handed,)Tj
3.4355 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Edinburgh)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(Handedness)Tj
5.142 0 Td
(Inventory)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(26)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(had)Tj
-34.3216 -1.2983 Td
(normal)Tj
3.1464 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(corrected-to-normal)Tj
8.4189 0 Td
(vision.)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(Prior)Tj
2.2961 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(participation,)Tj
5.5955 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(Adult)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(Safety)Tj
2.5908 0 Td
(Screen)Tj
-33.1991 -1.3039 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8481 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(predisposed)Tj
5.0229 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(possible)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(adverse)Tj
-32.3941 -1.2983 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(stimulation.)Tj
5.0173 0 Td
(None)Tj
2.4378 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(sample)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(excluded)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7791 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
-35.0019 -1.2982 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(questionnaire)Tj
5.7033 0 Td
(responses,)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(experiencing)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(adverse)Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(dur-)Tj
-35.0586 -1.2983 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(experiment.)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(Exercise)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(Sport)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(Science)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(Departmental)Tj
5.7713 0 Td
(Ethics)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(Subcommittee)Tj
6.0095 0 Td
(at)Tj
-35.053 -1.3039 Td
(Manchester)Tj
4.9209 0 Td
(Metropolitan)Tj
5.5332 0 Td
(University)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(granted)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(ethical)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(approval)Tj
3.7021 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(research,)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(written)Tj
-33.2615 -1.2983 Td
(informed)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(take)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7791 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(participants.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 406.6582 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.3102 0 Td
(&)Tj
0.8788 0 Td
(eye)Tj
1.8071 0 Td
(movem)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(ents)Tj
2.0835 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9409 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.8347 0 Td
(observatio)Tj
4.5284 0 Td
(n)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01901)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(65)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7205 0 Td
(5,)Tj
1.0417 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.1436 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
70 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
71 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
72 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
73 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
74 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
75 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(15)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
76 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 78 0 R/Contents 79 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
78 0 obj
[80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R]
endobj
80 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref028)>>
endobj
81 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref029)>>
endobj
82 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref030)>>
endobj
83 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref031)>>
endobj
84 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref032)>>
endobj
85 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref033)>>
endobj
86 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref034)>>
endobj
87 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0190165.ref030)>>
endobj
88 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 89 0 R>>
endobj
89 0 obj
<>
endobj
79 0 obj
[90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R]
endobj
90 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
475.3701 532.0063 m
484.8945 532.0063 l
h
f*
238.9606 466.9795 m
248.485 466.9795 l
h
f*
252.9071 466.9795 m
262.4315 466.9795 l
h
f*
266.9102 466.9795 m
276.378 466.9795 l
h
f*
280.8567 466.9795 m
290.3811 466.9795 l
h
f*
559.7291 402.0094 m
569.2535 402.0094 l
h
f*
200.0126 389.0268 m
209.537 389.0268 l
h
f*
483.5906 375.9874 m
493.115 375.9874 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 706.0535 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Electromyograph)Tj
7.2425 0 Td
(y)Tj
0.6851 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7953 0 Td
(transcranial)Tj
5.2488 0 Td
(magnetic)Tj
4.0536 0 Td
(stimulation)Tj
5.0646 0 Td
(procedure)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 689.1023 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Electromyography)Tj
7.6081 0 Td
(\(EMG\))Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(throughout)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(first)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(dorsal)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(inter-)Tj
-35.3364 -1.3039 Td
(osseous)Tj
3.2654 0 Td
(\(FDI\))Tj
2.5059 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(abductor)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(digiti)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(minimi)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(\(ADM\))Tj
3.2145 0 Td
(muscles)Tj
3.3846 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(hand,)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Delsys)Tj
-33.596 -1.2982 Td
(Bagnoli-4)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(EMG)Tj
2.398 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(DE-2.1)Tj
3.0558 0 Td
(bipolar)Tj
3.067 0 Td
(single)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(differential)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(EMG)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(electrodes)Tj
4.2293 0 Td
(\(Delsys,)Tj
-34.0892 -1.2983 Td
(Boston,)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(MA,)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(USA\).)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(Electrodes)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(placed)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(mid-point)Tj
4.3256 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(belly)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(muscle,)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(with)Tj
-35.3194 -1.3039 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(reference)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(electrode)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(placed)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(ulnar)Tj
2.3527 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(right)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(wrist.)Tj
2.4265 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(EMG)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(signal)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(was)Tj
-33.2898 -1.2983 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(Spike)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(\(version)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(6.18\))Tj
2.211 0 Td
(software)Tj
3.5886 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(sampling)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(rate)Tj
1.7461 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(kHz,)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(bandwidth)Tj
4.541 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.223 -1.2982 Td
(20450)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(kHz,)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(92)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(dB)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(common)Tj
3.8494 0 Td
(mode)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(rejection)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(ratio)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(and)Tj
/F12 1 Tf
0 Tc
1.7292 0 Td
(>)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
-0.004 Tc
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 433.7007 615.5149 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(15)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 442.9984 611.0929 cm
BT
/F11 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
0.9694 0 Td
(input)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(impedance,)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(received)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(by)Tj
-36.011 -1.3039 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(Micro)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(14013)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(analogue-to-digital)Tj
7.8179 0 Td
(converter)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(\(Cambridge)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(Electronic)Tj
4.3029 0 Td
(Design,)Tj
3.2428 0 Td
(Cambridge,)Tj
-30.8917 -1.2982 Td
(UK\).)Tj
1.1962 -1.2983 Td
(Single-pulse)Tj
5.074 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(hand)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(representation)Tj
6.0093 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(left)Tj
1.4796 0 Td
(motor)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(cortex)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(a)Tj
-36.6006 -1.2983 Td
(figure-of-eight)Tj
6.0378 0 Td
(shaped)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(coil)Tj
1.6667 0 Td
(\(two)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(70)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(mm)Tj
1.8595 0 Td
(diameter)Tj
3.787 0 Td
(loops\))Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(connected)Tj
4.3425 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(Magstim)Tj
3.7588 0 Td
(200)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 534.8976 563.5275 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 540.6236 559.1055 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(mag-)Tj
-34.0608 -1.3039 Td
(netic)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(stimulator)Tj
4.3539 0 Td
(\(Magstim,)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(Whitland,)Tj
4.2633 0 Td
(Dyfed,)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(UK\).)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(coil)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(orientated)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(45)Tj
1.5647 0 Td
(angle)Tj
2.3356 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(the)Tj
-36.1811 -1.2982 Td
(central)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(line)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(nasion)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(inion)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(landmarks)Tj
4.456 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(cranium)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(held)Tj
1.9445 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(place)Tj
-35.4611 -1.2983 Td
(against)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(optimal)Tj
3.3108 0 Td
(scalp)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(\(OSP\))Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(mechanical)Tj
4.7679 0 Td
(arm.)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(OSP)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0534 0 Td
(as)Tj
-35.6028 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(scalp)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(location)Tj
3.4525 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(produced)Tj
4.0478 0 Td
(motor)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(evoked)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(potentials)Tj
4.1216 0 Td
(\(MEPs\))Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(largest)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(amplitude)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.2796 -1.2983 Td
(FDI)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(ADM)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(muscles,)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(stimulation)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(intensity)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(60%)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(stimulator)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(output.)Tj
-32.8873 -1.2982 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(stimulation)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(intensity)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(commonly)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2939 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(OSP)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(observation)Tj
-31.6457 -1.304 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(30)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(31)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(32)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(produces)Tj
3.8777 0 Td
(MEPs)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(amplitude)Tj
4.286 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(most)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(individuals.)Tj
4.8756 0 Td
(Once)Tj
-33.4486 -1.2982 Td
(identified,)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(OSP)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(marked)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(tightly)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(fitting)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(polyester)Tj
3.8268 0 Td
(cap)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(worn)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(and)Tj
-33.9928 -1.2983 Td
(accurate)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(coil)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(placement)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(ensured)Tj
3.4073 0 Td
(throughout)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(checking)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(coil)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(position)Tj
-33.8114 -1.2983 Td
(frequently)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(against)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(mark.)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(Each)Tj
2.177 0 Td
(participant's)Tj
5.1703 0 Td
(resting)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(motor)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(threshold)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(\(RMT\))Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(then)Tj
-33.3352 -1.3039 Td
(determined)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(gradually)Tj
3.9287 0 Td
(reducing)Tj
3.7701 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(increasing)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(stimulation)Tj
4.7962 0 Td
(intensity)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(until)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(minimum)Tj
-32.6889 -1.2982 Td
(intensity)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(capable)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(producing)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(MEPs)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(excess)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(50)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.1736 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
(V)Tj
1.4229 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(5)Tj
0.6974 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5533 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(10)Tj
1.1736 0 Td
(trials)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0591 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(33)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-35.6311 -1.2983 Td
(34)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(RMT)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(ranged)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(3961%)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(maximum)Tj
4.371 0 Td
(stimulator)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(output,)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(stimulation)Tj
4.7961 0 Td
(inten-)Tj
-35.1606 -1.3039 Td
(sity)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(110%)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(RMT,)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(Loporto)Tj
3.464 0 Td
(et)Tj
0.941 0 Td
(al.'s)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(30)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(recommendations.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 344.5228 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Eye-tracking)Tj
5.5087 0 Td
(procedure)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 327.5149 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Eye-movements)Tj
6.6727 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(throughout)Tj
4.7791 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(sampling)Tj
3.8777 0 Td
(rate)Tj
1.7462 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(25)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(Hz,)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(using)Tj
-34.6618 -1.2982 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(Applied)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(Science)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(Laboratories)Tj
5.2441 0 Td
(Mobile)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(Eye)Tj
1.6667 0 Td
(gaze)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(registration)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9424 0 Td
(\(Applied)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(Science)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(Labora-)Tj
-34.452 -1.2983 Td
(tories,)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(Bedford,)Tj
3.6736 0 Td
(MA,)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(USA\).)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9366 0 Td
(uses)Tj
1.8936 0 Td
(lightweight)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(spectacles)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(fitted)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(cameras)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.9997 -1.2982 Td
(record)Tj
2.8402 0 Td
(eye)Tj
1.5251 0 Td
(movements)Tj
4.8755 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(relation)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(scene.)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9015 0 Td
(circular)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(cursor,)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(representing)Tj
5.2384 0 Td
(1)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.7468 -1.304 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(angle)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(4.5)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(mm)Tj
1.8595 0 Td
(lens,)Tj
2.024 0 Td
(indicated)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(location)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(gaze)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(video)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(image)Tj
2.6306 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(scene)Tj
-33.8114 -1.2982 Td
(\(spatial)Tj
3.118 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(of)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
(0.5)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(angle;)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(0.1)Tj
1.7915 0 Td
(precision\))Tj
4.2463 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(recorded)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(subsequent)Tj
4.7055 0 Td
(analy-)Tj
-34.6278 -1.2983 Td
(sis.)Tj
1.4229 0 Td
(Prior)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(commencing)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(experiment,)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(eye-tracker)Tj
4.6828 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(calibrated)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(nine-point)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
(cal-)Tj
-36.1415 -1.3039 Td
(ibration)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(chart)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(screen)Tj
2.7666 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(calibration)Tj
4.5241 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(monitored)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
(throughout)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(via)Tj
-36.3512 -1.2983 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(laptop)Tj
2.7383 0 Td
(situated)Tj
3.3618 0 Td
(directly)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(behind)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(participant.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 190.9984 cm
BT
/F10 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Experimental)Tj
5.863 0 Td
(procedure)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 173.9905 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Participants)Tj
5.0002 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(seated)Tj
2.6873 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(chair)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(head)Tj
2.1317 0 Td
(positioned)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(comfortably)Tj
5.0739 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(adjust-)Tj
-33.8341 -1.2982 Td
(able)Tj
1.8311 0 Td
(head-and-chin)Tj
6.1115 0 Td
(rest)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(coil)Tj
1.6668 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(minimise)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(movement)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(maintain)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(accurate)Tj
-32.9837 -1.2983 Td
(OSP.)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(Participants')Tj
5.21 0 Td
(forearms)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(hands)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(rested)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(pronated)Tj
3.8495 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(black-painted)Tj
5.6976 0 Td
(table)Tj
-34.8659 -1.3039 Td
(located)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(front)Tj
2.2337 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(obscured)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(view)Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(black-painted)Tj
-29.7125 -1.2983 Td
(wooden)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(cover.)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.8957 0 Td
(32-inch)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(Samsung)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(flat-screen)Tj
4.3766 0 Td
(TV)Tj
1.5194 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(positioned)Tj
4.4391 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9411 0 Td
(eye-level)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(front)Tj
2.2224 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(partic-)Tj
-34.9339 -1.2982 Td
(ipants)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(distance)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(90)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(cm.)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(room)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(dimly)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(illuminated)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(blackout)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(curtains)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(were)Tj
-33.7377 -1.3039 Td
(drawn)Tj
2.7836 0 Td
(along)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(side)Tj
1.7971 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(table)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(eliminate)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.6555 0 Td
(distracting)Tj
4.4844 0 Td
(visual)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(stimuli)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(partici-)Tj
-33.2841 -1.2983 Td
(pant's)Tj
2.5908 0 Td
(peripheral)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(field)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(vision.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 406.6582 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(TMS)Tj
2.3102 0 Td
(&)Tj
0.8788 0 Td
(eye)Tj
1.8071 0 Td
(movem)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(ents)Tj
2.0835 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9409 0 Td
(action)Tj
2.8347 0 Td
(observatio)Tj
4.5284 0 Td
(n)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01901)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(65)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7205 0 Td
(5,)Tj
1.0417 0 Td
(2018)Tj
34.1436 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
91 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
92 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
93 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
94 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
95 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
96 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
97 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
98 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
99 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
100 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(15)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
101 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 104 0 R/Contents 105 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
103 0 obj
<>stream
xmŮ1,eae{b]+vFQzYXMQK4"ޥ?ޙyg0j4~gvy99{'" " " " " " " " "XzkCz?c̙3祗^zw.]:o|
ڵkׯ_l2뮻^fg|rdʕ+7|u,YrM7]tE#G|СI]7nܐ!C8k,BB_FxпnaĈ~رc-ZD9YguWxs}OXn(" " " " " " " " " " " "?#Gq'tRmm1ӿ֭[ѣW^|dGy^{Do)SIѼ!I]vx`VVUW]`O>dcƌׯ_MM 'pgr).={o9M3&:lH "h&!hԩwӶmۂQFM8ΠA.2HS:w!*ڐs=6^ϘxĆy"P{G͑9 T=,mkOD9Ոg}?|7""4lذ'|a^x@?𫯾J}GFnvz뭷
:j*ZlvuؑG9T^^N(y>S?%\¹M,KDaE@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D;`#8ĀKWD0iGaD|gwxwQҥ)Hߗ/_p4~x;0kQe˖?O=3_~%$¨w+:VD@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@!CȟDơ7nj0IFo:䓛4iʉQK`j֬Yff-Baw}C9#ҝ8}J+" " " " " " " " " " " " ?x̙R#DB<